Ana amfani da masu sauya juzu'i a ko'ina a cikin masana'antar tsarin watsa saurin sauri a cikin samar da masana'antu.Saboda halayen canjin wutar lantarki na inverter rectifier circuit, ana haifar da nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in wutar lantarki akan wutar lantarki.Mai sauya mitar yawanci yana aiki lokaci guda tare da wasu na'urori kamar kwamfutoci da na'urori masu auna firikwensin akan rukunin yanar gizo.Ana shigar da waɗannan na'urori galibi a kusa kuma suna iya shafar juna.Don haka, na'urar lantarki da ke wakilta ta hanyar mai canza mitar na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin haɗin kai a cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki na jama'a, kuma gurɓataccen yanayi da na'urorin lantarki ke haifar da shi ya zama babban cikas ga haɓakar fasahar lantarki da kanta.
1.1 Menene jituwa
Tushen harmonics shine ƙaddamar da tsarin mai hankali.Lokacin da halin yanzu ke gudana ta cikin lodi, babu wata alaƙa ta layi tare da ƙarfin lantarki da aka yi amfani da shi, kuma wani na yanzu banda igiyar igiyar ruwa tana gudana, yana haifar da jituwa mafi girma.Matsakaicin masu jituwa su ne adadi mai yawa na ainihin mitar.Bisa ga ka'idar bincike na masanin lissafin Faransa Fourier (M.Fourier), duk wani nau'in igiyar ruwa mai maimaitawa za a iya gurɓata shi zuwa sassan igiyar igiyar ruwa ciki har da mitar mahimmanci da jituwa na jerin mahimman mitar mitoci.Harmonics su ne sinusoidal waveforms, kuma kowane sinusoidal waveform sau da yawa yana da mitar daban-daban, girma, da kusurwar lokaci.Ana iya raba masu jituwa zuwa ko da da m jituwa, na uku, na biyar da na bakwai lambobi ne m jituwa, da na biyu, na sha huɗu, shida da takwas lambobi ma jituwa ne.Misali, lokacin da mahimmancin kalaman shine 50Hz, jituwa ta biyu shine 10Hz, kuma na uku masu jituwa shine 150Hz.Gabaɗaya, m jituwa sun fi lalacewa fiye da ma jituwa.A cikin madaidaitan tsarin matakai uku, saboda daidaitawa, harmonics an kawar da su kuma kawai rashin jituwa ya wanzu.Don nauyin gyaran gyare-gyare na matakai uku, halin yanzu mai jituwa shine 6n 1 masu jituwa, kamar 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, da dai sauransu. Maɓallin farawa mai laushi yana haifar da 5th da 7th harmonics.
1.2 Ma'auni masu dacewa don sarrafa jituwa
Inverter masu jituwa iko ya kamata kula da waɗannan ka'idoji: ka'idodin tsangwama: EN50082-1, -2, EN61800-3: Matsayin radiation: EN5008l-1, -2, EN61800-3.Musamman IEC10003, IEC1800-3 (EN61800-3), IEC555 (EN60555) da IEEE519-1992.
Ma'auni na gaba ɗaya na hana tsangwama EN50081 da EN50082 da mitar mai sauya mitar EN61800 (1ECl800-3) sun bayyana matakan radiation da matakan hana tsangwama na kayan aiki da ke aiki a wurare daban-daban.Ma'auni da aka ambata a sama suna bayyana matakan radiation karɓuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban na muhalli: matakin L, babu iyakar radiation.Ya dace da masu amfani waɗanda ke amfani da masu farawa mai laushi a cikin yanayin da ba a shafa ba da kuma masu amfani waɗanda ke warware ƙuntatawar tushen radiation da kansu.Class h shine ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ta EN61800-3, mahalli na farko: iyakance rarraba, yanayi na biyu.A matsayin zaɓi don tace mitar rediyo, sanye take da matatar mitar rediyo na iya sa mai farawa mai laushi ya dace da matakin kasuwanci, wanda galibi ana amfani dashi a cikin yanayin da ba masana'antu ba.
2 Matakan sarrafawa masu jituwa
Ana iya magance matsalolin masu jituwa, za a iya dakatar da tsangwama na radiation da tsoma bakin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, kuma ana iya ɗaukar matakan fasaha kamar garkuwa, warewa, ƙasa, da tacewa.
(1) Aiwatar da matattara mai wucewa ko tace mai aiki;
(2) Ɗaga na'ura mai ba da wutar lantarki, rage halayen da'irar, da kuma cire haɗin wutar lantarki;
(3) Yi amfani da farar laushi mai laushi, babu gurɓataccen bugun jini na yanzu.
2.1 Amfani da m ko masu tacewa
Tace masu wucewa sun dace don canza halayen halayen canza kayan wuta a mitoci na musamman, kuma sun dace da tsarin da ba su canzawa kuma ba su canzawa.Masu tacewa masu aiki sun dace don rama nauyin tsarin mai hankali.
Tace masu wucewa sun dace da hanyoyin gargajiya.Fitar mai wucewa ta fara bayyana saboda tsari mai sauƙi kuma bayyananne, ƙarancin saka hannun jari, babban amincin aiki da ƙarancin aiki.Sun kasance mabuɗin hanyoyin murkushe igiyoyin ruwa.Tacewar LC babban na'urar hana jituwa ce ta gargajiya.Yana da dacewa haɗe-haɗe na tace capacitors, reactors da resistors, kuma an haɗa shi a layi daya tare da babban tsari na jituwa.Baya ga aikin tacewa, yana kuma da aikin diyya mara inganci.Irin waɗannan na'urori suna da wasu abubuwan da ba za a iya jurewa ba.Makullin yana da sauƙin ɗauka da yawa, kuma zai ƙone lokacin da aka yi yawa, wanda zai haifar da ikon wutar lantarki ya wuce misali, diyya da hukunci.Bugu da ƙari, masu tacewa ba su da iko, don haka a kan lokaci, ƙarin haɓakawa ko canje-canjen nauyin hanyar sadarwa zai canza sautin jerin kuma rage tasirin tacewa.Mafi mahimmanci, filtar da ba ta da kyau ba zata iya tace sassa masu jituwa guda ɗaya kawai (idan akwai tacewa, zai iya tace na uku kawai), ta yadda idan aka tace mitoci daban-daban masu jituwa, za a iya amfani da tacewa daban-daban don haɓaka. zuba jari na kayan aiki.
Akwai nau'ikan matattara masu aiki da yawa a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya, waɗanda zasu iya waƙa da rama igiyoyin bugun jini na mitoci daban-daban da amplitudes, kuma halayen ramuwa ba za su shafi halayen grid ɗin wutar lantarki ba.An haifi ainihin ka'idar filtatar injiniya mai aiki a cikin 1960s, wanda ya biyo bayan haɓaka manyan, matsakaici da ƙaramin ƙarfin fitarwa mai cikakken iko da fasahar kewayawa, haɓaka tsarin sarrafa juzu'in juzu'i, da jituwa dangane da ka'idar ɗaukar nauyi na gaggawa nan take.Shawarar bayyananniyar hanyar sa ido kan saurin gaggawa na yanzu ya haifar da saurin haɓaka matatar injiniyoyi masu aiki.Babban manufarsa ita ce saka idanu kan halin yanzu mai jituwa wanda ya samo asali daga maƙasudin ramuwa, kuma kayan aikin ramuwa suna haifar da mitar ramuwa na halin yanzu tare da girman guda ɗaya da kishiyar polarity kamar na halin yanzu, don daidaita yanayin halin yanzu da bugun bugun jini ya haifar. tushen asalin layin, sa'an nan kuma sanya halin yanzu na cibiyar sadarwar wutar lantarki kawai an haɗa mahimman abubuwan sabis.Babban sashi shine janareta na igiyar ruwa mai jituwa da tsarin sarrafawa ta atomatik, wato, yana aiki ta hanyar fasahar sarrafa hoto na dijital wanda ke sarrafa saurin insulating Layer triode.
A wannan mataki, a cikin al'amari na musamman bugun jini halin yanzu iko, m tacewa da kuma aiki tace sun bayyana a cikin nau'i na kari da gauraye aikace-aikace, yin cikakken amfani da abũbuwan amfãni daga aiki tace kamar sauki da kuma bayyana tsarin, sauki tabbatarwa, low cost. , da kuma kyakkyawan aikin ramuwa.Yana kawar da lahani na babban ƙarar da ƙarar farashin tace mai aiki, kuma yana haɗa su tare don sa duk software na tsarin ya sami kyakkyawan aiki.
2.2 Rage madauki na madauki kuma yanke hanyar layin watsawa
Tushen haɓakar haɓakar jituwa shine saboda yin amfani da nauyin da ba na layi ba, don haka, ainihin mafita shine raba layin wutar lantarki na abubuwan da ke haifar da haɓakawa daga layin wutar lantarki na masu jituwa masu jituwa.Karkataccen halin da ake samu ta hanyar lodin da ba na kan layi ba yana haifar da jujjuyawar wutar lantarki a kan matsewar kebul ɗin, kuma ana amfani da gurɓataccen wutar lantarkin da aka haɗa zuwa wasu lodin da ke da alaƙa da layi ɗaya, inda igiyoyin jituwa mafi girma ke gudana.Sabili da haka, ana iya kiyaye matakan rage lalacewar bugun jini na yanzu ta hanyar haɓaka yanki na kebul na kebul da rage ƙarancin madauki.A halin yanzu, ana amfani da hanyoyin da suka hada da kara karfin wutar lantarki, da kara sassan igiyoyi daban-daban, musamman kara bangaren igiyoyi masu tsaka-tsaki, da kuma zabar abubuwan kariya kamar na'urorin da ke hana zirga-zirga da fius a kasar Sin sosai.Koyaya, wannan hanyar ba zata iya kawar da jituwa ta asali ba, amma tana rage halayen kariya da ayyuka, haɓaka saka hannun jari, da haɓaka haɗarin ɓoye a cikin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki.Haɗa kayan aikin layi da kayan da ba na layi ba daga wutar lantarki iri ɗaya
Wuraren fitarwa (PCCs) suna fara ba da wutar lantarki zuwa kewaye daban-daban, don haka ba za a iya canja wurin wutar lantarki da ba ta cikin firam daga kaya masu hankali zuwa nauyin mai layi.Wannan shine ingantacciyar mafita ga matsalar jituwa ta yanzu.
2.3 Aiwatar da Emerald kore ikon inverter ba tare da gurbataccen yanayi ba
Matsakaicin ingancin inverter kore shine cewa shigarwar da magudanar ruwa sune raƙuman ruwa na sine, ikon shigar da wutar lantarki ana iya sarrafa shi, ana iya saita ma'aunin wutar lantarki zuwa 1 ƙarƙashin kowane kaya, kuma ana iya sarrafa mitar fitarwa na mitar wutar ba tare da izini ba.Ginshirin AC na mai sauya mitar na iya murƙushe masu jituwa da kyau kuma yana kare gadar gyarawa daga tasirin babban igiyar wutar lantarki nan take.Aiki ya nuna cewa halin yanzu jituwa ba tare da reactor ba a fili ya fi wanda yake tare da reactor.Domin rage tsangwama da gurbatar yanayi ke haifarwa, ana shigar da tace amo a cikin da'irar fitarwa na mai sauya mitar.Lokacin da mai sauya mitar ya ba da izini, ana rage mitar mai ɗauka na mai sauya mitar.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin manyan masu canza wutar lantarki, ana amfani da gyaran gyare-gyare na 12-pulse ko 18-pulse yawanci, ta haka ne rage abubuwan jituwa a cikin wutar lantarki ta hanyar kawar da ƙananan jituwa.Alal misali, 12 bugun jini, mafi ƙasƙanci masu jituwa shine 11th, 13th, 23rd, and 25th harmonics.Hakazalika, don bugun jini guda 18, kaɗan masu jituwa sune jituwa ta 17th da 19th.
Za a iya taƙaita ƙananan fasahar jituwa da aka yi amfani da su a cikin masu farawa masu laushi kamar haka:
(1) Matsakaicin nau'in nau'in nau'in wutar lantarki na inverter yana zaɓar 2 ko kusan 2 na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki mai haɗawa da silsila, kuma yana kawar da abubuwan jituwa bisa ga tarin waveform.
(2) Da'irar gyara tana ƙaruwa.Matsakaicin girman bugun bugun jini mai laushi masu farawa suna amfani da 121-pulse, 18-pulse ko 24-pulse rectifiers don rage igiyoyin bugun jini.
(3) Sake amfani da na'urorin wutar lantarki na inverter a cikin jerin, ta hanyar amfani da nau'ikan wutar lantarki guda 30 guda ɗaya da kuma sake amfani da da'irar wutar lantarki, ana iya rage bugun bugun jini.
(4) Yi amfani da sabuwar hanyar jujjuya mitar DC, kamar canjin lu'u-lu'u na kayan ƙarfin lantarki mai aiki.A halin yanzu, yawancin masana'antun inverter suna ba da mahimmanci ga matsalar jituwa, kuma a zahiri suna tabbatar da korewar inverter yayin ƙira, kuma suna magance matsalar jituwa.
3 Kammalawa
Gabaɗaya, zamu iya fahimtar dalilin jituwa.Dangane da ainihin aiki, mutane za su iya zaɓar matattara masu wucewa da matattara masu aiki don rage halayen madauki na madauki, yanke hanyar dangi na watsa jita-jita, haɓakawa da amfani da masu farawa mai laushi kore ba tare da gurɓatawar jituwa ba, da kuma juya taushi The masu jituwa da ke haifar da su. ana sarrafa mai farawa a cikin ƙaramin kewayon.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-13-2023