Domin rage gurbacewar iska a halin yanzu da tanderun tanderu na tsaka-tsaki ke haifarwa, kasar Sin ta yi amfani da fasahar gyaran gyare-gyare da yawa, kuma ta kera na'urorin wutar lantarki da dama kamar su 6-pulse, 12-pulse, da 24-pulse matsakaici tanderu, amma saboda farashin na karshen yana da inganci High, yawancin kamfanoni masu yin ƙarfe har yanzu suna narke kayan ƙarfe a cikin tanderun tsaka-tsakin mitar 6-pulse, kuma ba za a iya watsi da matsalar gurɓataccen muhalli na yanzu ba.A halin yanzu, akwai galibi nau'ikan tsare-tsaren gudanarwa iri biyu don daidaitawar wutar lantarki: ɗaya shine tsarin gudanarwa na taimako, wanda shine ɗayan hanyoyin kawar da matsalolin jituwa na yanzu, kuma matakan kariya ne don hana jituwa ta tsaka-tsaki. mitar induction tanderu.Ko da yake hanya ta biyu za ta iya magance ƙarar matsalar gurɓacewar muhalli mai jituwa ta hanyoyi da yawa, don matsakaicin matsakaiciyar murhun wutar lantarki da ake amfani da ita a halin yanzu, hanya ta farko kawai za a iya amfani da ita don rama sakamakon jituwa.Wannan takarda ta tattauna ka'idar IF tanderu da matakan sarrafa jituwarta, kuma yana ba da shawarar mai tace wutar lantarki (APF) don ramawa da sarrafa masu jituwa a cikin matakai daban-daban na 6-pulse IF oven.
Ka'idar lantarki ta tanderun mitar matsakaici.
Matsakaicin mitar tanderu na'urar dumama ƙarfe ce mai sauri kuma tsayayye, kuma ainihin kayan aikinta shine matsakaicin mitar wutar lantarki.Wutar wutar lantarki ta tanderun mitar matsakaita yawanci tana ɗaukar hanyar jujjuyawar AC-DC-AC, kuma shigar da mitar wutar lantarki a madadin halin yanzu yana fitowa azaman matsakaicin mitar halin yanzu, kuma canjin mitar ba'a iyakance shi da mitar wutar lantarki ba.Ana nuna zanen toshewar kewayawa a cikin Hoto 1:
A cikin Hoto 1, babban aikin wani ɓangare na da'irar inverter shine canza yanayin kasuwancin AC na zamani na watsa wutar lantarki da rarrabawa zuwa AC halin yanzu, gami da da'irar wutar lantarki na watsa wutar lantarki da mai ba da wutar lantarki, gyara gada. da'ira, tace kewayawa da da'irar sarrafa gyarawa.Babban aikin ɓangaren inverter shine don canza AC halin yanzu zuwa wani lokaci mai girma na AC na yanzu (50 ~ 10000Hz), gami da da'irar wutar lantarki, farawa da wutar lantarki, da da'irar wutar lantarki.A ƙarshe, matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin lokaci-ɗaya a cikin induction coil a cikin tanderun yana haifar da madaidaicin filin maganadisu, wanda ke haifar da cajin a cikin tanderun don samar da induction electromotive ƙarfi, yana haifar da babban halin yanzu a cikin cajin, kuma yana dumama cajin ya narke.
Harmonic Analysis
Abubuwan jituwa da aka allura a cikin grid ɗin wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da wutar lantarki ta tsaka-tsaki suna faruwa a cikin na'urar gyarawa.Anan za mu ɗauki da'irar gyara gada mai cikakken iko mai lamba shida mai lamba uku a matsayin misali don nazarin abubuwan da ke cikin jituwa.Yin watsi da duk tsarin canja wurin lokaci da bugun jini na yanzu na da'irar inverter na thyristor na sarkar sakin samfur mai kashi uku, yana ɗauka cewa amsawar gefen AC sifili ne kuma inductance AC ba ta da iyaka, ta amfani da hanyar bincike na Fourier, rabin mara kyau da tabbatacce. -wave currents na iya zama Ana amfani da cibiyar da'irar azaman sifilin lokaci, kuma ana samun dabarar don ƙididdige ƙarfin lantarki na a-phase na gefen AC.
A cikin dabara: Id shine matsakaicin ƙimar gefen halin yanzu na da'irar gyarawa.
Ana iya gani daga wannan dabarar da ke sama cewa don wutar lantarki na matsakaici na 6-pulse, zai iya haifar da adadi mai yawa na 5th, 7th, 1st, 13th, 17th, 19th da sauran masu jituwa, wanda za'a iya taƙaita shi azaman 6k ± 1 (k). is positive Integer) masu jituwa, ingantaccen ƙimar kowane mai jituwa yana da ingantacciyar daidaituwa ga tsarin jituwa, kuma rabo zuwa ƙimar mahimmancin mahimmanci shine madaidaicin tsari na jituwa.
Matsakaicin mitar tanderun tsarin kewaye.
Dangane da nau'ikan ma'ajiyar makamashi na DC daban-daban, ana iya raba tanderu na matsakaici gabaɗaya zuwa nau'in tanderun mitar mitar na yanzu da nau'in wutar lantarki tanderu na mitar mitar.Abubuwan ajiyar makamashi na nau'in matsakaicin mitar tanderu na yanzu babban inductor ne, yayin da ma'aunin makamashi na nau'in wutar lantarki matsakaicin mitar tanderu babban capacitor ne.Akwai wasu bambance-bambance a tsakanin su biyun, kamar: tanderun mitar mitar mai nau'in halin yanzu ana sarrafa ta thyristor, da'irar mai ɗaukar nauyi yana daidai da resonance, yayin da wutar lantarki-nau'in matsakaicin mitar mitar mita ke sarrafa ta IGBT, kuma ma'aunin ɗaukar nauyi yana da ƙarfi. jerin rawa.Ana nuna ainihin tsarin sa a hoto na 2 da hoto 3.
tsara masu jituwa
Abin da ake kira babban tsari na jituwa yana nufin abubuwan da ke sama da madaidaicin madaidaicin mitar da aka samu ta hanyar lalata jerin AC Fourier maras-sinusoidal na lokaci-lokaci, wanda gabaɗaya ake kira babban oda masu jituwa.Mitar (50Hz) Abubuwan mitar guda ɗaya.Tsangwama mai jituwa babban "damun jama'a" ne wanda ke shafar ingancin wutar lantarki na yanzu.
Masu jituwa suna rage watsawa da amfani da injiniyoyin wutar lantarki, suna sa kayan aikin lantarki su yi zafi sosai, suna haifar da girgizawa da hayaniya, sa rufin rufin ya lalace, rage rayuwar sabis, yana haifar da kurakurai na gama gari da ƙonawa.Haɓaka abun ciki masu jituwa, ƙona kayan aikin diyya na capacitor da sauran kayan aiki.A cikin yanayin da ba za a iya amfani da diyya mai lalacewa ba, za a ci tarar rashin aiki kuma kuɗin wutar lantarki zai karu.Matsakaicin bugun jini mai girma zai haifar da rashin aiki na na'urorin kariya na relay da na'urori masu fasaha masu hankali, kuma ainihin ma'aunin wutar lantarki zai rikice.A waje da tsarin samar da wutar lantarki, masu jituwa suna da tasiri sosai akan kayan sadarwa da kayan lantarki.Matsakaicin wuce gona da iri na wucin gadi da na wucin gadi wanda ke haifar da jituwa zai lalata rufin rufin injuna da kayan aiki, yana haifar da kurakurai na gajeren lokaci guda uku, kuma jituwar halin yanzu da ƙarfin lantarki na taswirar da suka lalace za su haifar da juzu'i na resonance da daidaituwa a cikin hanyar sadarwar wutar lantarki ta jama'a. , haifar da manyan haɗari na aminci.
Matsakaicin mitar wutar lantarki nau'i ne na samar da wutar lantarki mai tsaka-tsaki, wanda aka canza zuwa mitar ta hanyar daidaici da inverter, kuma yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na manyan jituwa masu jituwa a cikin grid na wutar lantarki.Sabili da haka, haɓaka ingancin wutar lantarki na matsakaicin mitar tanderun ya zama babban fifikon binciken kimiyya.
tsarin mulki
Yawancin hanyoyin haɗin bayanai na tanderun mitar matsakaita sun tsananta gurɓataccen gurɓataccen wutar lantarki na yanzu.Binciken da aka yi game da sarrafa jituwa na tanderun mitar matsakaici ya zama aiki na gaggawa, kuma masana sun kima da shi sosai.Don yin tasiri na masu jituwa da ke haifar da tanderun mita a kan grid na jama'a ya dace da bukatun samar da wutar lantarki da tsarin rarraba kayan aiki na ƙasar kasuwanci, ya zama dole a dauki matakai don kawar da gurbataccen yanayi.Abubuwan kiyayewa na aiki sune kamar haka.
Na farko, na'ura mai canzawa yana amfani da tsarin Y/Y/haɗin haɗi.A cikin babban tanderun shigar da mitar mitar sararin samaniya, injin mai canzawa mai tabbatar da fashewa yana ɗaukar hanyar wayoyi Y/Y/△.Ta hanyar canza hanyar wiring na ballast don sadarwa tare da na'ura mai canzawa na AC, zai iya daidaita yanayin halin yanzu mai girma na bugun jini wanda ba shi da girma.Amma farashin yana da yawa.
Na biyu shine amfani da LC m filter.Babban tsarin shi ne yin amfani da capacitors da reactors a cikin jerin don samar da jerin zoben LC, waɗanda suke a layi daya a cikin tsarin.Wannan hanyar al'ada ce kuma tana iya rama duka masu jituwa da masu ɗaukar nauyi.Yana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma an yi amfani dashi sosai.Duk da haka, aikin ramuwa yana shafar halayen halayen cibiyar sadarwa da yanayin aiki, kuma yana da sauƙi don haifar da daidaituwa tare da tsarin.Yana iya kawai rama ƙayyadaddun igiyoyin bugun bugun jini, kuma tasirin ramuwa bai dace ba.
Na uku, ta hanyar amfani da tacewa mai aiki na APF, babban oda mai jituwa sabuwar hanya ce.APF shine na'urar ramuwa mai ƙarfi na yanzu, tare da ƙirar ɓangarori da saurin amsawa mai sauri, yana iya waƙa da rama igiyoyin bugun jini tare da mitoci da canje-canje masu ƙarfi, yana da kyakkyawan aiki mai ƙarfi, kuma aikin ramuwa ba zai shafan halayen impedance ba.Sakamakon ramuwa na yanzu yana da kyau, don haka yana da daraja sosai.
Ana haɓaka matatar wutar lantarki mai aiki bisa ga tacewa, kuma tasirin tacewa yana da kyau.A cikin kewayon ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfin amsawa, tasirin tacewa shine 100%.
Tacewar wutar lantarki mai aiki, wato, matatar wutar lantarki, APF mai aiki da wutar lantarki ta bambanta da tsayayyen hanyar diyya na matattarar LC na gargajiya, kuma ta gane diyya mai tsauri, wanda zai iya rama daidaitattun jituwa da ƙarfin amsawa na girman da mita.Fitar mai aiki ta APF tana cikin nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in bugun jini na kayan aiki na yanzu.Yana lura da nauyin halin yanzu a cikin ainihin lokaci bisa ga mai canzawa na waje, yana ƙididdige babban tsari na halin yanzu na bugun jini a cikin nauyin halin yanzu bisa ga DSP na ciki, kuma yana fitar da siginar bayanan sarrafawa zuwa wutar lantarki inverter., Ana amfani da wutar lantarki mai inverter don samar da babban tsari na halin yanzu na daidaitattun daidaitattun nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyin nauyi , kuma an shigar da shi a cikin grid na wutar lantarki don kula da aikin tacewa.
Tsarin aiki na APF
Hongyan Active filter yana gano nauyin halin yanzu a cikin ainihin lokacin ta hanyar na'ura mai canzawa na waje na CT, kuma yana fitar da sassan jituwa na nauyin nauyin ta hanyar lissafin DSP na ciki, kuma ya canza shi zuwa siginar sarrafawa a cikin na'urar siginar dijital.A lokaci guda kuma, na'ura mai sarrafa siginar dijital yana haifar da jerin siginar siginar bugun bugun bugun jini na PWM kuma ya aika su zuwa tsarin wutar lantarki na IGBT na ciki, yana sarrafa lokacin fitarwa na inverter don zama sabanin shugabanci na halin yanzu mai jituwa, da na yanzu. tare da girma iri ɗaya, igiyoyin jituwa guda biyu sun yi daidai da juna.Kashewa, don cimma aikin tace jituwa.
Abubuwan fasaha na APF
1. Ma'auni na matakai uku
2. Reactive ikon diyya, samar da wutar lantarki factor
3. Tare da aiki na iyakancewa ta atomatik na yanzu, babu wani nauyi da zai faru
4. Mai jituwa ramuwa, iya tace fitar da 2 ~ 50th masu jituwa halin yanzu a lokaci guda
5. Zane mai sauƙi da zaɓi, kawai buƙatar auna girman halin yanzu
6. Single-lokaci mai ƙarfi allura halin yanzu, ba shafi tsarin rashin daidaituwa
7. Amsa don ɗaukar canje-canje a cikin 40US, jimlar lokacin amsawa shine 10ms (zagayowar 1/2)
Tasirin tacewa
Matsakaicin iko mai jituwa yana da girma kamar 97%, kuma kewayon sarrafa jituwa yana da faɗi kamar sau 2 ~ 50.
Mafi aminci kuma mafi tsayayyen hanyar tacewa;
Babban yanayin sarrafa rikice-rikice a cikin masana'antar, mitar sauyawa ya kai 20KHz, wanda ke rage asarar tacewa kuma yana haɓaka saurin tacewa da daidaiton fitarwa.Kuma yana gabatar da rashin iyaka mara iyaka ga tsarin grid, wanda ba ya shafar tsarin grid;kuma siginar fitarwa daidai ne kuma mara lahani, kuma ba zai shafi sauran kayan aiki ba.
Ƙarfin daidaitawar muhalli
Mai jituwa tare da masu samar da dizal, inganta ƙarfin ikon shunting na madadin;
Haƙuri mafi girma ga jujjuyawar wutar lantarki da murdiya;
Daidaitaccen na'urar kariya ta walƙiya C-class, inganta ƙarfin jure yanayin yanayi mara kyau;
Matsakaicin yanayin zafin yanayi ya fi ƙarfi, har zuwa -20 ° C ~ 70 ° C.
Aikace-aikace
Babban kayan aiki na kamfani mai tushe shine matsakaicin mitar wutar lantarki.Matsakaicin mitar wutar lantarki shine tushen jituwa na yau da kullun, wanda ke haifar da adadi mai yawa na masu jituwa, yana haifar da capacitor diyya ya kasa yin aiki akai-akai.Ko ma dai, zafin na’urar taranfoma ya kan kai digiri 75 a lokacin rani, wanda hakan ke haifar da almubazzaranci da makamashin lantarki da kuma takaita rayuwarsa.
Taron bita na tsakiyar mitar tanderu yana aiki da ƙarfin lantarki na 0.4KV, kuma babban nauyinsa shine 6-pulse rectification matsakaici mitar tanderu.Kayan aikin gyaran gyare-gyare yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na masu jituwa yayin canza AC zuwa DC yayin aiki, wanda shine tushen jituwa;Harmonic halin yanzu ana allura a cikin grid na wutar lantarki, ana haifar da wutar lantarki masu jituwa akan grid impedance, haifar da wutar lantarki na grid da hargitsi na yanzu, yana shafar ingancin samar da wutar lantarki da amincin aiki, haɓaka asarar layin da lalata wutar lantarki, da samun mummunan tasiri akan grid da kayan lantarki na masana'anta da kanta.
1. Halaye masu jituwa
1) Na'urar gyaran gyare-gyare na tanderun mitar matsakaici shine 6-pulse controllable rectification;
2) Abubuwan jituwa da mai gyara ya haifar sune 6K+1 m jituwa.Ana amfani da jerin Fourier don lalata da canza halin yanzu.Ana iya ganin cewa yanayin motsi na yanzu ya ƙunshi 6K ± 1 mafi girma masu jituwa.Dangane da bayanan gwaji na tanderun mitar matsakaita, jituwa Ana nuna abun ciki na halin yanzu a cikin teburin da ke ƙasa:
A lokacin aikin aiki na tanderun mita na tsaka-tsaki, ana samar da adadi mai yawa na jituwa.Dangane da sakamakon gwaje-gwaje da ƙididdigewa na matsakaicin mitar tanderu, halayen jituwa sune galibi na 5th, kuma 7th, 11th, da 13th igiyoyin jituwa suna da girma, kuma ƙarfin lantarki da murdiya na yanzu yana da tsanani.
2. Tsarin sarrafawa masu jituwa
Dangane da ainihin halin da ake ciki na kamfanin, Hongyan Electric ya ƙera cikakken saiti na hanyoyin tacewa don sarrafa daidaiton tanderu na mitar matsakaici.Idan aka yi la'akari da ma'aunin wutar lantarki, buƙatun shayarwa masu jituwa da jituwa na baya, an shigar da saitin na'urorin tace aiki akan ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 0.4KV na gidan wutar lantarki.Harmonics ana gudanar da su.
3. Tace sakamakon bincike
1) Ana saka na'urar tacewa mai aiki, kuma tana bin diddigin canje-canje na kayan aiki daban-daban na tanderun mitar mitar ta atomatik, ta yadda za'a iya tace kowane mai jituwa yadda yakamata.Guji ƙonawa lalacewa ta hanyar layi daya resonance na capacitor banki da tsarin da'irar, da kuma tabbatar da al'ada aiki na reactive ikon ramu majalisar;
2) An inganta igiyoyi masu jituwa da kyau bayan jiyya.Matsalolin jituwa na 5, 7, da 11 waɗanda ba a yi amfani da su ba sun wuce da gaske.Misali, halin yanzu na jituwa na 5 ya sauko daga 312A zuwa kusan 16A;halin yanzu na jituwa na 7 ya ragu daga 153A zuwa kusan 11A;halin yanzu na jituwa na 11 ya sauko daga 101A zuwa kusan 9A;Yi daidai da ma'auni na ƙasa GB/T14549-93 "Ingantacciyar Harmonics na Grid na Jama'a";
3) Bayan sarrafa jituwa, ana rage zafin wutar lantarki daga digiri 75 zuwa digiri 50, wanda ke adana makamashi mai yawa na lantarki, yana rage ƙarin asarar na'urar, rage hayaniya, haɓaka ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da tsawaita wutar lantarki. rayuwar sabis na taransifoma;
4) Bayan jiyya, ingancin wutar lantarki na wutar lantarki ta hanyar wutar lantarki yana inganta yadda ya kamata, kuma ana inganta yawan amfani da wutar lantarki na matsakaicin matsakaici, wanda ya dace da dogon lokaci mai aminci da tattalin arziki na tsarin da kuma ingantawa. amfanin tattalin arziki;
5) Rage ƙimar inganci na halin yanzu da ke gudana ta hanyar rarrabawa, inganta ƙarfin wutar lantarki, da kuma kawar da jituwa da ke gudana ta hanyar layin rarraba, ta haka ne ya rage yawan asarar layin, rage yawan zafin jiki na kebul na rarraba, da kuma inganta kaya. iyawar layin;
6) Rage rashin aiki ko ƙi na'urorin sarrafawa da na'urorin kariya na relay, da inganta aminci da amincin samar da wutar lantarki;
7) Rarraba rashin daidaituwa na matakai uku, rage asarar tagulla na taranfoma da layi da tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin, da inganta ingancin wutar lantarki;
8) Bayan an haɗa APF, kuma yana iya ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin wutar lantarki da kebul na rarrabawa, wanda yayi daidai da fadada tsarin kuma yana rage zuba jari a fadada tsarin.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-13-2023